![]() ![]() Europe’s gas demand has stabilized over the past five years (though it remains below its peak in 2010, which was largely driven by exceptionally cold weather).But over the past 10 to 15 years, UK natural gas production has started to decline and earthquakes related to gas production in the Netherlands have accelerated the decline of the Groningen field’s gas output, once the largest gas field in Europe. The largest producers were the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Europe’s natural gas production started to decline rapidly after 2010. In the 2000s, European gas production represented between 50 and 60 percent of Europe’s demand.There are essentially three reasons for this persistent dependence on Russian gas: In contrast, Russian pipeline gas deliveries to Europe increased post-2014, and Europe also started importing Russian LNG from the Yamal LNG project, which started in 2017. Despite alarm bells from a January 2009 crisis that led to the disruption of Russian gas transiting through Ukraine for two weeks and Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, Europe has not stemmed natural gas imports from Russia. Reducing Europe’s dependence on Russian gas has been widely discussed for the past 15 years in Brussels. How did Europe become so dependent on Russian gas? Alternatively, Europe would need to add another 105 GW of nuclear capacity, close to the existing capacity installed in 2021 (115 GW). ![]() Europe has installed on average 14 GW of wind capacity per year between 20. If Europe wanted to replace the equivalent of Russian gas imports with renewables, it would need to build an additional 370 gigawatts (GW) of wind to replace this gas (on top of 215 GW installed as of 2020).
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